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<h3>References for Genera in <a href="datasets.asp#Magnoliaceae">Magnoliaceae
Dataset</a></h3>
<hr>
<h4><i><a href="#Elmerrillia">Elmerrillia</a> <a href="#Kmeria">Kmeria</a> <a href="#Liriodendron">Liriodendron</a> <a href="#Magnolia">Magnolia</a> <a href="#Manglietia">Manglietia</a> <a href="#Michelia">Michelia</a> <a href="#Pachylarnax">Pachylarnax</a></i></h4>
<h4><a name="Elmerrillia"><i>Elmerrillia</i></a></h4>
<p><b>Nooteboom, H. P. (1985). Notes on Magnoliaceae.
Blumea 31(1): 65-121. En. -- <i>Elmerrillia</i>,
pp. 100-108. Revision (4 species, one with
additional varieties); key.</b></p>
<h4><i><a name="Kmeria">Kmeria</a></i></h4>
<p><a><b>Nooteboom, H. P. (1985). Notes on Magnoliaceae.
Blumea 31(1): 65-121. En. -- <i>Kmeria</i>,
pp. 98-99. Brief note (<i>K. duperreana</i> the
sole species known south of China).</b></a></p>
<h4><i><a name="Liriodendron">Liriodendron</a></i></h4>
<p>Bean, W. J. (1919). The two tulip trees. Gard.
Chron., III, 65: 128. En. -- Oriented towards
arboriculture.</p>
<p><b>Shaparenko, K. K. (1937). Tyul'pannoe derevo
[On tulip-trees]. Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad.
Nauk SSSR, I, 4: 93-170, illus., maps, 2
pls. Ru. -- Monograph of Recent and fossil
species; includes history of research and
a formal treatment of genus (pp. 98-102,
with descriptions of the 2 modern species
and exsiccatae but no key), followed by chapters
on development, historical geography and
phylogeny (fossil forms listed, pp. 145-149);
references and English summary at end.</b></p>
<p>Santamour, F. S., Jr. & F. G. Meyer (1971).
The two tuliptrees. Amer. Hort. Mag. 1971(Spring):
87-89, illus. En. -- Report of trials, particularly
with <i>Liriodendron chinense</i>; includes
a diagnostic photograph of leaves, flowers
and samaras of the two species.</p>
<p><b>Spongberg, S. A. (1976). Magnoliaceae hardy
in temperate North America. J. Arnold Arbor.
57: 250-312. En. -- <i>Liriodendron</i>,
pp. 308-312. Treatment of the 2 species (1
native), with key and references.</b></p>
<p>Schoenike, R. E. (1980). Yellow-poplar (<i>Liriodendron
tulipifera</i> L.): an annotated bibliography
to and including 1974. xix, unnumbered pp.;
pp. A1-A76, S1-S38. Clemson, S.C. En. --
5891 annotated references.</p>
<p>Grey-Wilson, C. (1982). <i>Liriodendron chinense</i>.
Bot. Mag. 184(1): pl. 843. En. -- Plant portrait;
includes description and synonymy. [The tree
is smaller than the better-known <i>L. tulipifera</i>;
in addition, its native range is relatively
limited.]</p>
<p>Parks, C. R., N. G. Miller, J. F. Wendel & K.
M. McDougal (1983). Genetic divergence within
the genus <i>Liriodendron</i> (Magnoliaceae).
Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 70: 658-666. En.
-- Includes data on interspecific hybrids;
a high compatibility remains despite long mutual
isolation.</p>
<p>Parks, C. R. & J. F. Wendel (1990). Molecular
divergence between Asian and North American
species of <i>Liriodendron</i> (Magnoliaceae)
and implications for interpretation of fossil
floras. Amer. J. Bot., 77: 1243-1256. En. --
Molecular markers from allozymes and plastid
genomes analysed; from measures of genetic
distance estimates of 10-16 and 11-14 million
years B.P. were obtained, comparable to time
estimates from the geological record for the
effective sundering of the warm-temperate mixed
forests of Asia and North America (no later
than 13 million years B.P.). A relatively high
degree of interspecific compatibility was shown
to have been maintained since the Miocene and
thus is not necessarily evidence of Pleistocene
or Holocene divergence.</p>
<h4><i><a name="Magnolia">Magnolia</a></i></h4>
<p>Engler, A., F. Pax & P. Graebner (1902).
Die Verbreitung wichtiger Baumgattungen kartographischer
dargestellt, zum Gebrauch in Botanischen Gärten
und Museum sowie bei Vorlesungen. Notizbl.
Bot. Gart. Mus. Berlin 3: 181-182, maps. Ge.
-- Comprises a distribution map (now very out
of date).</p>
<p>Dandy, J. E. (1927). Key to the species of <i>Magnolia</i>.
J. Roy. Hort. Soc. 52: 260-264. En. -- Key
to 44 species (<i>Magnolia</i> sensu stricto),
revised from that in <i>Magnolias</i> (1927)
by J.G. Millais. Does not include the former <i>Talauma</i> or <i>Aromadendron</i>.</p>
<p>Cheng, W. C. (1934). The genus <i>Magnolia</i> in
China. J. Bot. Soc. China 1: 280-305. Ch. --
Regional revision; not cited by Johnstone (1955).
Succeeded by Chen & Nooteboom (1993).</p>
<p><b>Howard, R. A. (1948). The morphology and
systematics of the West Indian Magnoliaceae.
Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 335-357. En. --
Includes a regional revision of <i>Magnolia</i> sens.
lat. (11 native and 1 cultivated species)
with keys, synonymy, descriptions, indication
of distribution, exsiccatae, vernacular names
and commentary. [The 8 species then assigned
to sect. <i>Theorhodon</i> now form sect. <i>Splendentes</i> (Vásquez-G.
1994).]</b></p>
<p><b>Dandy, J. E. (1950). A survey of the genus <i>Magnolia</i> together
with <i>Manglietia</i> and <i>Michelia</i>.
In Royal Horticultural Society (Great Britain),
Camellias and Magnolias: 64-81. London. En.
-- Discursive synoptic survey of the genus
and its sections, species being listed in
passing in the text; foldout key to subgenera
and sections. There are also brief accounts
of <i>Manglietia</i> and <i>Michelia</i>.
[Partly succeeded by the author's 1978 survey
(see below).]</b></p>
<p><b>Royal Horticultural Society (Great Britain)
(1950). Camellias and magnolias: report of
the conference held by the Royal Horticultural
Society, April 4-5, 1950 (ed. P. M. Synge).
134 pp., illus. London. En. -- Comprises
papers on a variety of topics, including
a survey of the genus by Dandy (separately
cited) and a key to East Asian species by
G. H. Johnstone (pp. 44-52).</b></p>
<p>Johnstone, G. H. (1955). Asiatic magnolias
in cultivation. 155 pp., illus. 14 col. pl.,
col. frontispiece, folding map. London: Royal
Horticultural Society. En. -- Includes a sectional
synopsis with key (pp. 36-38) and detailed
treatments of 18 species with 6 additional
infraspecific taxa; index, pp. 153-154. Based
in the first instance on the collection of
the author in Cornwall (England). See also
the author's key to E Asian species in Royal
Horticultural Society, 1950. <i>Camellias and
magnolias</i> (cited above).</p>
<p><b>Felger, R. S. (1971). The distribution
of <i>Magnolia</i> in northwestern Mexico.
J. Arizona Acad. Sci. 6: 251-253. En. --
Of particular interest given the modern absence
of the genus in western North America north
of the Mexican border. <i>M. pacifica</i> occurs
from southern Sonora southwards.</b></p>
<p><b>Spongberg, S. A. (1976). Magnoliaceae hardy
in temperate North America. J. Arnold Arbor.
57: 250-312. En. -- <i>Magnolia</i>, pp.
254-306. Treatment of 26 species and hybrids
(including all those native), with key and
references.</b></p>
<p><b>Dandy, J. E. (1978). A revised survey of
the genus <i>Magnolia</i> together with <i>Manglietia</i> and <i>Michelia</i>.
In N. G. Treseder, <i>Magnolias</i>: 29-37.
London. En. -- Discursive synoptic survey
of the genus and its sections, similar to
that of 1950; no key. Brief accounts are
given for <i>Manglietia</i> and <i>Michelia</i>.With
Nooteboom's revisions (1985; see below),
this classification remains standard for
the genus.</b></p>
<p><b>Keng, H. (1978). The delimitation of the
genus <i>Magnolia</i> (Magnoliaceae). Gard.
Bull. Singapore 31(2): 127-131. En. -- A
proposal to unite <i>Talauma</i> with <i>Magnolia</i> is
here put forward (see also Nooteboom 1985),
along with <i>Aromadendron</i> and <i>Manglietia</i>.</b></p>
<p><b>Treseder, N. G. (1978). Magnolias. xviii,
243, [3] pp., illus. (part col.), maps. London:
Faber and Faber. En. -- At present the primary
modern reference for enthusiasts; includes
J. E. Dandy's last survey of the genus (together
with some comments on <i>Manglietia</i> and <i>Michelia</i>;
see below) as well as a detailed treatment
of the 'temperate' species (in 2 subgenera
with 9 sections) with descriptions, synonymy,
illustration references, distributions, and
extensive commentaries. [A successor to J.
G. Millais, 1927. <i>Magnolias</i>. London.]</b></p>
<p>Hernández-Cerda, M. E. (1980). Magnoliaceae.
Fl. Veracruz 14: 1-14, illus., maps. Sp. --
Treatment of 4 species (3 native) in 2 genera
(both now in <i>Magnolia</i>).</p>
<p>Treseder, N. G. (1981). The book of magnolias.
96 p., text-fig., 33 col. pl. London: Collins.
En. -- Coloured paintings of selected species,
varieties and hybrids with descriptive facing
text, followed by appendices on early records,
magnolia hunters (E. H. Wilson and G. Forrest),
flowers and fruits, and growing and propagation
tips; glossary at end but no list of references.</p>
<p><b>Lozano-Contreras, G. (1983). Magnoliaceae.
Fl. Colombia 1: 1-119, illus., maps. Sp.
-- Treatment of 2 native genera (<i>Dugandiodendron</i> and <i>Talauma</i>,
both now in <i>Magnolia</i>) with 24 species,
as well as 2 introduced species of <i>Magnolia</i> sensu
str.</b></p>
<p>Lozano-Contreras, G. (1984). Consideraciones
sobre el genero <i>Dugandiodendron</i> (Magnoliaceae).
Taxon 33(4): 691-696. Sp. -- A defence of <i>Dugandiodendron</i>.</p>
<p>Nooteboom, H. P. (1984). <i>Dugandiodendron</i> (Magnoliaceae)
erroneously described. Taxon 33(4): 696-698.
En. -- <i>Dugandiodendron</i> shown to have
been based on imperfectly described differential
characters.</p>
<p><b>Nooteboom, H. P. (1985). Notes on Magnoliaceae.
Blumea 31(1): 65-121. En. -- <i>Magnolia</i>,
pp. 83-91. A supraspecific revision (16 sections
in 3 subgenera), with key modified from that
of Dandy (in Treseder 1978); also includes
a synopsis of sect. <i>Gynopodium</i> (one
of those of Dandy). The former <i>Talauma</i> has
here been ranked as the third subgenus (reviving
an 1881 proposal of Louis Pierre); this incorporates <i>Aromadendron</i> and <i>Manglietiastrum</i>.</b></p>
<p>Schnetter, M. L. & G. Lozano-Contreras
(1985). Contribución al conocimiento
de la estructura foliar de las especies de
Magnoliaceas colombianas. Caldasia 14(67):
193-206. Sp. -- A systematic treatment of the
leaf micromorphology of 21 species of <i>Magnolia</i> (9
and 12 respectively in the former <i>Dugandiodendron</i> and <i>Talauma</i>),
based on Lozano-Contreras (1983; see above).</p>
<p>Ueda, K. (1985). A nomenclatural revision
of the Japanese <i>Magnolia</i> species (Magnoliaceae),
together with two long-cultivated Chinese species.
I. <i>M. hypoleuca</i>; II. <i>M. tomentosa</i> and <i>M.
praecocissima</i>. Taxon 35: 340-344, 344-347.
En. -- Proposals for name changes; in the second
paper <i>M. praecocissima</i> Koidz. is taken
up for the well-known but non-'typical' element
of <i>M. kobus</i> DC. [See Nooteboom (1994)
for a counter-proposal.]</p>
<p><b>Ueda, K. (1985). A nomenclatural revision
of the Japanese <i>Magnolia</i> species (Magnoliaceae),
together with two long-cultivated Chinese
species. III, <i>M. heptapeta</i> and <i>M.
quinquepeta</i>. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 36:
149-161. En. -- Incorporates a full enumeration,
with synonymy and suprageneric disposition,
of Japanese (including two from China, long-cultivated)
magnolias. Incorporates the results of the
author's two other papers, though published
ahead of them.</b></p>
<p><b>Meyer, F. G. & E. McClintock (1987).
Rejection of the names <i>Magnolia heptapeta</i> and <i>M.
quinquepeta</i> (Magnoliaceae). Taxon 36(3):
590-600, illus. En. -- The revival by recent
workers of these two names of Pierre Buc'hoz,
first published in <i>Lassonia</i> and transferred
to <i>Magnolia</i> by Dandy in 1934, has
led to considerable controversy. The authors
argue that, while the Chinese names on Buc'hoz's
figures are correctly applicable, the figures
themselves do not adequately characterise
the plants concerned. The names should accordingly
be rejected as <i>incertae sedis</i> and
the next available alternatives, respectively <i>MM.
denudata</i> and <i>liliiflora</i>, adopted.</b></p>
<p><b>Nooteboom, H. P. (1987). Notes on Magnoliaceae,
II. Revision of <i>Magnolia</i> sections
Maingola (Malesian species), Aromadendron
and Blumiana. Blumea 32(2): 343-382. En.
-- Comprises a species-level revision of <i>Magnolia</i> (now
including <i>Aromadendron</i> and <i>Talauma</i>,
with the Malesian species in the last-named
corresponding to sect. <i>Blumiana</i>).
Precursory to a family treatment in <i>Flora
Malesiana</i> (see ==Malesia++).</b></p>
<p>Seitner, P. G. (1989). A nomenclature reference
for the genus <i>Magnolia</i> with emphasis
on species and hybrids of more temperate climates.
Unpaged, loose-leaf. Chicago, Ill.: The author.
En. -- A nomenclator, with for accepted species
indication of distribution and, for hybrids,
parents. Wastefully produced, of dubious value
and moreover partly out of date (given the
work of Nootemoom and others). The sectional
synopsis presented is still that of Dandy (in
Treseder 1978), and nowhere is there critical
commentary, save on hybrids and hybridization
trials.</p>
<p>Baranova, M. A. (1990). K voprosu o samostojatel'nosti
roda <i>Dugandiodendron</i> (Magnoliaceae)/On
the problem of the genus <i>Dugandiodendron</i> (Magnoliaceae)
validity. Bot. Zhurn. SSSR, 75: 816-819. Ru.
-- Stomatographical evidence from three selected
species of <i>Dugandiodendron</i> supports
their inclusion in <i>Magnolia</i> or <i>Talauma</i>,
in general agreement with Nooteboom (1985).</p>
<p><b>Callaway, D. J. (1993). Magnolias. 260
pp., illus., col. pl. London: Batsford; Portland,
Ore.: Timber Press. En. -- A work with a
North American flavour (in comparison with
Treseder 1978); includes a synopsis (pp.
63-67; recent generic revisions have not
been accepted, Dandy 1927 still being a basis),
key to cultivated species, species descriptions
(pp. 73-174), references, and chapters on
breeding, hybridizers and known hybrids;
three appendices and an index at end. Each
chapter also has general references.</b></p>
<p><b>Figlar, R. B. (1993). Stone magnolias.
Arnoldia 53(2): 2-9. En. -- Popular account
of fossil magnolias from North America. Includes
(p. 8) a series of 3 maps showing the reduction
in area of sect. <i>Theorhodon</i> (to which <i>M.
grandiflora</i> belongs) between 25 MYBP
and the present. See also S. J. Gould, 1992.
Magnolias from Moscow. Nat. Hist. 9: 10-18.
[Idaho fossils remarkable for their 'ancient
DNA'.]</b></p>
<p><b>Lozano-Contreras, G. (1994). <i>Dugandiodendron</i> y <i>Talauma</i> (Magnoliaceae)
en el Neotrópico. 147 pp., illus.,
maps. illus., maps. Bogotá: Academic
de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales.
(Colección Jorge Alvárez Lleras,
3.) Sp. -- Introduction; survey of morphology,
habitats, biogeography, putative phylogeny,
uses, and history of taxonomic work; well-illustrated
taxonomic treatment (pp. 25-125) covering
14 <i>Dugandiodendron</i> and 31 <i>Talauma</i> species
with keys, synonymy, descriptions, distribution,
citation of exsiccatae, and commentary; bibliography,
index and lists of taxa, exsiccatae and uses
at end.</b></p>
<p>Nee, M. (1994). A new species of <i>Talauma</i> (Magnoliaceae)
from Bolivia. Brittonia 46(4): 265-269, illus.
En. -- Description of <i>T. boliviana</i>;
extensive commentary (the distinction of <i>Talauma</i> and <i>Dugandiodendron</i> is
supported, 'mainly in the manner of concrescence
of the carpels and their eventual dehiscence').</p>
<p>Nooteboom, H. P. (1994). Proposals to reject <i>Magnolia
tomentosa</i> (Thymelaeaceae) and conserve <i>Magnolia
kobus</i> (Magnoliaceae) with a conserved
type. Taxon 43(3): 467-468. En. -- A reply
to Ueda (1985a); retypification of <i>M.
kobus</i> DC. advocated, using an element
other than a reference to <i>M. tomentosa</i> Thunb.
(now generally known as <i>Edgeworthia tomentosa</i> (Thunb.)
Nakai or <i>E. papyrifera</i> Sieb. & Zucc.).</p>
<p><b>Vázquez-Garcia, J. A. (1994). <i>Magnolia</i> (Magnoliaceae)
in Mexico and Central America: a synopsis.
Brittonia 46(1): 1-23, illus., map. En. --
Introduction (<i>Talauma</i> excluded; 4
American sections in <i>Magnolia</i> s.s.
of which 3 accounted for here with one new);
synopsis of 12 species (11 in sect. <i>Theorhodon</i>)
and additional infraspecific taxa with keys,
typification, descriptions of novelties (with
citations of exsiccatae), synonymy, indication
of distribution, and commentary; lists of
species and exsiccatae seen at end. [Based
on <i>idem</i>, 1990. Taxonomy of the genus <i>Magnolia</i> (Magnoliaceae)
in Mexico and Central America. Madison, Wis.
(Unpubl. M.S. thesis, University of Wisconsin,
Madison). The best available modern treatment
of sect. <i>Theorhodon</i>.]</b></p>
<p>Yu, Z. (1994). <i>Sinomanglietia</i>, a new
genus of Magnoliaceae from China. Acta Agric.
Univ. Jiangxiensis 16(2): 202-204. Ch. -- Protologue
and description of <i>S. glauca</i>, also new.</p>
<p>Pardascher, G. (1995). Magnolien. Stuttgart:
Ulmer. Ge. -- A handbook for enthusiasts.</p>
<p>Qiu, Y.-L., C. R. Parks & M. W. Chase
(1995). Molecular divergence in the eastern
Asia-eastern North America disjunct section <i>Rytidospermum</i> of <i>Magnolia</i> (Magnoliaceae).
Amer. J. Bot. 82: 1589-1598, illus. En. --
Evidence from allozyme electrophoresis, cpDNA
restriction site analysis and rbcL gene sequencing
used in assessment of likely relationships
among, and times of divergence of, selected
species or lines thereof. The Asian <i>MM.
hypoleuca</i> and <i>officinalis</i> var. <i>biloba</i> [= <i>M.
officinalis</i>] were found to be rather more
closely related to the American <i>M. tripetala</i> than
to the two other species studied from that
continent, <i>M. fraseri</i> var. <i>fraseri</i> and <i>M.
macrophylla</i> var. <i>macrophylla</i>. The
molecular data as well as geological and palaeoclimatic
evidence suggested that separation of the Asian
and American lines took place anywhere from
the late Miocene to the early Pliocene. One
Wagner tree is presented but there is no formal
systematic treatment.</p>
<p>Qiu, Y.-L., M. W. Chase & C. R. Parks
(1995). A chloroplast DNA phylogenetic study
of the eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct
section <i>Rytidospermum</i> of <i>Magnolia</i> (Magnoliaceae).
Amer. J. Bot., 82: 1582-1588, illus. En. --
Chloroplast DNA sequences were sampled in all
6 species (and 4 additional infraspecific taxa)
usually credited to the section (one customarily
based largely on a 'whorled' leaf arrangement).
Phylogenetic analysis of molecular and other
evidence suggested that the section was polyphyletic,
with the three Asian species closely related
to only one of those in North America; moreover
the group was embedded within a range of species
representing the whole of Magnolioideae. The
worth of characters used in the past was questioned.
A Wagner tree is essayed but no formal systematic
treatment presented. [See also Qiu et al.,
1995. Worthy also of note is that those species
shown in this paper to be closely related also
mutually freely hybridise.]</p>
<h4><i><a name="Manglietia">Manglietia</a></i></h4>
<p><b>Tiep, N. V. (1980). Beiträge aur Sippenstruktur
der Gattung <i>Manglietia</i> Bl. (Magnoliaceae).
Feddes Rep. 91 (9-10): 497-576. Ge. -- Partial
revision, covering 22 species in 2 sections
(key. pp. 564-565). Much attention paid to
comparative vegetative anatomy, particularly
of the leaf.</b></p>
<p><b>Tiep, N. V., W. Vent & G. Natho (1980). Über
die Gattung <i>Manglietia</i> Bl. (Magnoliaceae).
Wiss. Zeitschr. Humboldt-Univ. Berlin, Math.-Naturw.
Reih. 29(3): 323-328, illus., map. Ge. --
Introduction to a revision of the genus;
fuller treatment in Tiep (1980).</b></p>
<p><b>Nooteboom, H. P. (1985). Notes on Magnoliaceae.
Blumea 31(1): 65-121. En. -- <i>Manglietia</i>,
pp. 91-97. Includes a treatment of Malesian
species (5, 2 of them new), with key.</b></p>
<h4><i><a name="Michelia">Michelia</a></i></h4>
<p><b>Nooteboom, H. P. (1985). Notes on Magnoliaceae.
Blumea 31(1): 65-121. En. -- <i>Michelia</i>,
pp. 108-121; regional revision (8 species),
with key. A very full synonymy for <i>M.
champaca</i>, long cultivated, is included.</b></p>
<h4><i><a name="Pachylarnax">Pachylarnax</a></i></h4>
<p><b>Nooteboom, H. P. (1985). Notes on Magnoliaceae.
Blumea 31(1): 65-121. En. -- <i>Pachylarnax</i>,
pp. 97-98; revision (2 species), without
key. <i>P. praecalva</i> is further treated
in <i>Flora Malesiana</i> (Nooteboom 1988;
see ==Malesia++).</b></p></TD>
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